The Renaissance Of The European Renaissance - 1890 Words

During the European renaissance, humanist philosophers started to take a new approach on education though reconnecting with ancient European civilization. They stressed a change from irrational, traditional thought, to good logical arguments, studying from religious texts and Aristotle (medieval scholasticism). This new education, however, was to be for a purpose. They were to not only be contemplators, but also â€Å"public men†, or being in service to the public. So, they spread their ideas to the people by using the printing press, and within only a couple of days their thoughts were spread throughout Europe. They were often punished by the Catholic Church, which brought about famous works like The Prince, by Niccolà ² Machiavelli, as referred†¦show more content†¦He believed that because humans were granted free will, (while the angels were not), and if one chooses to live a life as a righteous, spiritual thinker, then it is definitely possible that they can be b etter than the angels. However, Pico also thought that humans could condescend as low as animals and even worse. He first explains, â€Å"†¦for it is not the bark that makes the tree, but its insensitive and unresponsive nature; nor the hide which makes the beast of burden, but its brute and sensual soul; nor the orbicular form which makes the heavens, but their harmonious order.† (Pico, 13) Here he uses several different examples to put his point across. A tree is not a tree because of its bark, a beast is not a beast because of its hide, and the heavens are not the heavens because of their shape. They are themselves because of what they do. It is a tree because it is unresponsive and insensitive, it is a beast because it is brute and sensual, and the heavens are the heavens because they are harmonious in order. Pico then connects this to human nature by saying, â€Å"If you see a man dedicated to his stomach, crawling on the ground, you see a plant and not a man; orSh ow MoreRelatedThe Renaissance And Its Impact On The European Renaissance1694 Words   |  7 Pagesrise again, a giant scale cultural revolution like never before was slowly beginning to sweep over Europe. Becoming what we now know as the European Renaissance, every aspect of European life changed because of this revolution. The Renaissance began a renewed interest in the people to seek knowledge and question what the world around them meant. The Renaissance wasn’t just about learning however, it included exploring the world, art, and focusing on what the human being had to offer in society. ThisRead MoreEssay on The European Renaissance2182 Words   |  9 Pagesnow ancient Greece and Rome, also known as the â€Å"classics†; Europe fell into a period of darkness. Within it, learning was suppressed and knowledge didn’t advance. However, by a turn into the 1400’s, there was a â€Å"rebirth† of learning: the Renaissance. The Renaissance was marked by an intense awaking in the visible world and in the knowledge derived from the experiences rather than religion and wise tales. It turned away from the abstract speculations and interest in life after death which is characterizedRead MoreEssay about The European Renaissance871 Words   |  4 PagesRenaissance Essay The 14th, 15th and part of 16th century was a glorious time for Europe, it was the reformation of many old ideas and the formation of many new, this was called the Renaissance. The Renaissance brought many changes to Europe, the economy was greatly boosted by of all the new explorations. The flourishing economy helped to inspire new developments in art and literature. And from that many new beliefs were formed. The European economy flourished during theRead MoreTaking a Look at the European Renaissance Essays1385 Words   |  6 PagesThe foundation for the concept of modern humanism was established during the Renaissance in Europe, which took place during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The European Renaissance indicates a milestone in the shift of the human thought process. During this time period, people became less focused on matters of theism and more focused on exercising philosophies of reason, individuality, and learning. Numerous people developed an interest in a philosophy known as humanism, also referred toRead MoreRenaissance Music : European Classical Music905 Words   |  4 PagesRenaissance Music Renaissance music is European classical music written approximately 1400 to 1600. The Renaissance followed on from the Middle Ages the name means ‘rebirth’. This time was also the time of Humanism because it focused on human life and accomplishments (Tripod). Support for the arts led to a surge of interest in music (Grendler). New musical forms emerged in France and the Netherlands in the 1400s and gradually spread to Italy and the rest of Europe. Musicians adopted these newRead MoreEssay about Italian and Northern European Renaissance758 Words   |  4 PagesItalian and Northern European Renaissance The Italian and Northern Europe Renaissances were both an important mark in history by changing the ideals of life, thought, culture, and art of the people’s of this time. In this paper I will explain the motive for change in these cultures, including the similarities and differences of the two cultures. The Italian and Northern European Renaissance was the marking point for leaving behind the old ways and moving into the more classicalRead MoreTo What Extent Is the Term Renaissance a Valid Concept for a Distinct Period in Early Modern European History?623 Words   |  3 Pages1. To what extent is the term Renaissance a valid concept for a distinct period in early modern European history? During the 14th to 17th century, a new golden age emerged. This age was characterized the Renaissance. Led by northern Italian cities, the Renaissance was fundamentally by economic growth, as Europeans sought to achieve higher standards of intellect. The Renaissance marked the beginning of Modern history. It subsequently revived their socio cultural achievements, developing ideas ofRead MoreSir Thomas More s Utopia And Niccolo Machiavelli s The Prince1454 Words   |  6 Pagesreflect the ideals of the Renaissance. Their reflections of the Renaissance are similar; however, their representations of the Renaissance also have distinct differences. The Renaissance or â€Å"rebirth† was a cultural movement that accompanied the passage of Europe from the Middle Ages to modern times. Niccolo Machiavelli was an Italian civic humanist, historian, diplomat, philosopher, politician, and writer during the Renaissance. He applied the values of the Renaissance to his political treatise,Read MoreQuestions On The Renaissance And The Middle Ages1054 Words   |  5 PagesRyan Cho 8/21/16 AP European History 1-2 Chapter 12.1 Assignment Responses to Chapter 12.1 Assignment Questions Chapter 12 Assignment #1: 12.1-12.2 Terms: Renaissance, universal person, secularism, Hanseatic League, House of Medici, Castiglione. Questions (6): 1) What are some similarities and differences between the Renaissance and the Middle Ages that are mentioned in this section of the text? One major similarity between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance is the lack of Classical CultureRead More The Impact of Education on the Renaissance Essay694 Words   |  3 Pagesgigantic effect that education had on Renaissance society was greatly stimulated by the new development of humanism. Humanism was responsible for the curiosity of many intellects during the Renaissance, which ultimately led to the discoveries and developments that made the Renaissance such a remarkable time. It proposed a different way of thinking, unprecedented by scholars. Without humanism and the educational interest that it brought about, the Renaissance would not be known as the explosion of

John Fitzgerald Kennedy And His Life - 1165 Words

What did John Fitzgerald Kennedy explore, encounter, and exchange during his life. President John Fitzgerald Kennedy went through a lot throughout his life. He was a mayor a Senate and even president! On top of that he was in the military supporting our country. Let s take a look at what he has explored. Explore, well John Fitzgerald Kennedy explored a lot of things here are some examples of what he explored. He served in the military during WW2. He explored the ocean on his boat with his crew. A Japanese ship crashed into them, and he saved his crew while he put himself in danger. He received a purple heart medal for saving the men. He explored a great honor of service, which later helped him in politics, because people saw that medal†¦show more content†¦John Fitzgerald Kennedy explored the world of politics when he entered politics and later became president. He explored a lot of stress and pain, knowing that one wrong move could send this country downhill in an instant. I mean, if you were in his shoes. I am pretty sure that you would probably have grey hair in two weeks. He has to explore difficult dispositions like the Cuban Missal crisis that could have started World War three if we didn t have a smart president like John Fitzgerald Kennedy. He also had to deal with the racist people who didn t respect black people just because their skin was a different color than the white people. John Fitzgerald Kennedy did not like that black people were being treated differently one bit. John Fitzgerald Kennedy encountered a lot of things during his life. Like he encountered many sicknesses when he was a kid and all the way to even when he died. He had to have many surgeries throughout his life. He had a lot of things wrong with him. He would always admire his older brother Joe, who was killed while doing a very dangerous job. He had to fly an airplane that had thousands of explosives in it, and sadly the whole plane blew up killing Joe and two other people on that dangerous mission. John Fitzgerald Kennedy had to encounter his brother s death. Another thing he had to encounter, was his sister s death.

Public Sector Is A Government Run Organisation

Organisational sectors can be seperatred for the most part into 3 camps; Public sector - Is a government run organisation (HMRC) which takes money from the public in the form of taxes, and allocates some of the funds to to other public sector organisations, (such as the Met. Police Service) to finance them the majority of them so they can keep in operation. These sort of organisations usually aim to serve the publics interest with essential services ( Again, such as the police and medical services). From a Legal stand point, as its the public sector and is funded by the public, the government (parliament, HMRC) is in charge of regulating the sector and insuring the allocated funds are distributed and used how they should be. Due to its basic structure its fundamentily different to the other sectors, that are mainly finance by inhouse sources or privatley earned money as opposed to state tax. Private Sector - business s in this sector are owned and run by individuals as opposed to one large governing body. This can vary from sole traders (such as contractors, or any one trading or running a business by themselves.), partnerships (a business run by joint owners who share in the profits and expenses equally, as a joint venture) companies Both Public ( A public company is a company with securities (equity and debt) owned and traded by the general public through the public capital markets. Shares of a public company are openly traded and widely distributed -Show MoreRelatedTypes Of Organisation And Public Sector Organisations1116 Words   |  5 Pages P1 Types of Organisation Public Sector Organisations Private sector organisations Voluntary sector organisations. Under Private sector we have Sole traders, Partnership, Private Limited Company (LTD), Public Limited Company and the Franchise Under Public sector organisation we have, UK Government, Local Government, Executive Agencies, QUANGOs, State owned companies, Public sector organisations -These are organisations that are owned and run by the state or Government for the people and the taxesRead MoreExplain The Size And Weakness Interrelate With External Macro Factors1199 Words   |  5 Pageson Business Business Environment Presented by: Md.Raza Student ID: 9170072 Executive Summery In this Assignment we will discuss about different types, and purposes of Public, Private and Voluntary sectors and their Legal structures. We will explain the size and scope of range of different types of organisations. We will define the relationship between different organisational functions and how they link to organisational objectives and structure, then we will identify the positive and negativeRead MoreBtec Business Level 3 Unit 1 P1 Essay1285 Words   |  6 PagesTwo businesses on our doorstep NHS Describe the types of business, purpose and ownership of two contrasting businesses The National Health Service (NHS) is an organisation in the Public sector, this means that it is provided and funded by the government through taxes, and it provides a service. It is health care system, provided to anyone regardless of age, race and income; free of charge to prevent diseases and illnesses. It was founded in 1948 with the aims to improve the qualityRead MoreWhat Are the Principle Advantages and Disadvantages of the Public and Private Sectors Relative to Each Other? How Does the Government Seek to Combine the Best Features of Both in Providing Public Goods and Merit Goods840 Words   |  4 PagesThe  Public Sector sometimes referred to as the  state sector  is a part of the  state  that deals with the production, delivery and allocation of goods and services by and for the  government  or its citizens. This can be done on a national local or regional level. The Private sector is the polar opposite and is not controlled by the state. It is controll ed by private individuals or organisations for private profit. Public goods are those that are non-rivalrous and non-exclusive. Non-rivalry meansRead MoreDifferences Between Private Sector And Voluntary Sector1393 Words   |  6 Pagesprivate sector, public sector and voluntary sector Private Sector Businesses and industries that are not owned or controlled by the Government. Private Sector organisations operate privately to make a profit with income generated from the sale of their products or services. Although many private sector firms are owned and controlled by individuals, many are owned by groups of people; for example, companies may be owned by shareholders, who have invested in that company. The Private Sector includes:-Read MoreBusiness Environment. Understanding the Organisational Purposes of Business1594 Words   |  7 Pagesidentify the purposes of different types of organisations, describe the extent to which an organisation meets the objectives of different stakeholders and explain the responsibilities of an organisation and strategies employed to meet them. I am also going to give examples based on my own personal experience. Identify the purposes of different types of organisation Business organisations can be divided mainly into two sectors. The private sector, which is formed by sole traders, partnershipsRead MoreUnit 2 the bussiness of travel and tourism1285 Words   |  6 PagesDate: Tuesday 30th September 2014 Unit 2: The Business of Travel and Tourism 2.1: The travel and tourism business environment The Public Sector The public sector consists of regulatory bodies, conservation groups and public sector organisation which are funded by local, regional and central government, . A good example of a localy funded organisation would be Dover s local tourist information centre, controlled and funded by Dover District Council and council tax revenues. The touristRead MoreThe Management Of Zoomies Have Put Together A Team Of People Essay1684 Words   |  7 Pages1.0 Terms of Reference The management of Zoomies have put together a team of people and briefed them to examine the importance and use of information within and between organisations. This team has been given the job of establishing how and why information is communicated and looking at the legislation, which affects this. Once they have completed this they will then go on to complete a more detailed study in which they will compare and contrast documents created by Boots and Sainsburys. It isRead MoreAn Example Of A Private Sector Business1423 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness Organisations      Task 1   A private sector business is a business that is part of the economy that is not state controlled. It is run by individuals and companies who are mainly for profit. These businesses are not owned or operated by government. An example of a private sector business would be ASDA. Asda Stores limited is an American owned, British founded supermarket retailer. The company has been a subsidiary of the American retail company Wal-Mart since July 1999, and is now the second-largestRead Morebusiness Essay800 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Assignment questions: Specification of Assessment LO1 (Task 01): Understand the organisational purposes of business 1.1 Identify the purposes of different types of organisation 1.2 Describe the extent to which Siemens meets the objectives of different stakeholders D1 Critically evaluate the responsibilities of Siemens to meet stakeholders objectives. 1.3 Explain the responsibilities of Siemens and strategies employed to meet stakeholders. M1 Identify and find the mission and

Tax Compliance Structure and Compliance †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Tax Compliance Structure and Compliance. Answer: Introduction: Taxation is without any doubt the lifeblood of any economy which has tremendous implications for both the underlying people and the government. Most commonly, the taxation system is seen as a mechanism to raise revenue for the government so that it can meet the various responsibilities bestowed on the same especially. However, a key objective of the taxation system is also to alter the consumption of resources through the creation of incentives and disincentives for the same (Feldstein, 2008). A case in point is the high rate of tax levied on cigarettes as the government wants to ensure that lesser resources are spent on the same. Further, taxation system is also a potent means to address the inequalities in income through the imposition of a progressive tax system especially in direct taxes where a higher tax would be levied on individuals with higher income levels (Gregory, Weinzierl and Yagan, 2009). In wake of the above objectives, it is essential to highlight the utility of taxa tion for people, government and the economy as a whole. For the people, taxation is very important. One of the main reasons is that through taxation linked revenues, the government is able to provide social security to some extent and also provide various infrastructure in terms of healthcare, education and other basic amenities which can cater to the mass population. The magnitude of revenue through taxation is as highlighted below (Index Mundi, 2012). For certain services, there are alternatives available in the private sector but purchasing power remains a barrier for the majority of the population and hence the only resort for a sizable people is the government run centres which run on taxation revenues. Also, through taxation, the people are able to utilise their resources and income in a productive manner. For instance, there are deductions available for interest on home loans and additional schemes which promote housing and hence owing to the taxation incentives, people tend to look for their own houses which lead to asset formation. Similarly, the tax system provides disincentives in form of high tax burden on consumption of certain products such as cigarettes tend to lower the consumption of cigarettes and hence promote better health outcomes of the people. Also, the extent of social security system available in an economy to an extent is linked with the underlying tax revenues which is apparent from the experience of the d eveloped nations of the West where even though the tax rates are comparatively higher but the social security system is much more comprehensive as compared to Malaysia (Loo, 2006b) For the government, taxation revenues are vital to perform the various functions which have grown in the past decades owing to the popularity of welfare state. This is especially true for a country like Malaysia where affordability of even basic amenities could be an issue and hence intervention from the government is required for ensuring the same. Also, the government also has the objective of minimising inequality in society by redistributing the income which is ensured through the taxation system where the revenue from the rich acts as welfare or support payments for the needy and vulnerable population. This support provided by the state ensures that stability in the society is maintained or else there could be potential uprising by the poor (Taha, Nanthakumar and Colombage, 2011). Also, the government through the fiscal policy is expected to ensure that the limited resources available with the nation are deployed in the most productive manner possible thereby ensuring that maxim um utility can be served. In fulfilling this objective, a critical role is played by the tax system which the government uses to alter the preferences of the consumers. Besides, there are a host of basic services such as law order, defence which every government including the Malaysian government needs to be provide which cannot be enabled in the absence of taxation system (Piketty, 2015). The taxation system has critical effect on the economy. One way this happens in through government expenditure which sets the foundation for economic growth through the providing of requisite infrastructure and also allowing for higher purchasing power of the people. Further, through the prevalence of an effective taxation system, the productivity of the economy improves as the poor people are able to contribute to the production based upon their underlying skill (Hines, 2007). Lack of social support and basic amenities to these people would create additional hurdles for these people to join the labour force. Further, the fiscal policy of the government is critically dependent on taxation and the outcome in this regards tends to impact various macroeconomic indicators such as inflation, GDP growth and unemployment. Also, the currency exchange rate is impacted by the taxation policy which is pivotal for Malaysia considering the rising dependence on trade especially in the past couple of years. Thus, it is apparent that an efficient taxation system is inevitable for the government to play an enabling role in economic development through the support of domestic and foreign investors (Hubbard, 2015). Considering the above, it would be appropriate to conclude that a sound taxation system plays a critical role in the stability and development of a nation and it stands true for Malaysia as well. The objective is to determine if the personal and business tax rates that are prevalent in Malaysia fair or not. The personal income tax rates that are applicable for 2016 assessment year are highlighted as follows (PwC, 2016b). From the above tax rates, it is apparent that the highest marginal tax that is applicable is 28%. Also, the personal income tax applicable for low income i.e. lesser than RM 50,000 annually is quite less at 10%. It is evident that the taxation rates seem biased towards the rich even though the system might seem progressive but empirical evidence suggests that post taxation, the relatively poor are left worse than the rich and not the other way around. This is primarily because the marginal tax rate which is levied for the rich is quite low in comparison to other countries. For instance, in India (a country comparable in terms of development), the marginal tax rate for anyone having an annual income in excess of RM 65,000 is 30%. In comparison, the marginal tax rate applicable for the same is about 16% in Malaysia. Also, the highest marginal tax rate is low and the slab has been kept at very high value. Further, the marginal tax rates till couple of years ago stood at only 25% for the highest income groups and it is only recently that amendments have been done. Further, considering Australia as an example of a developed nation, the highest marginal tax applicable is 37.5% (PwC, 2016b). A developing nation like Malaysia needs to garner higher revenues from the rich in order to enhance wealth distribution but the current system does the opposite and hence there have been regular clamours for reforms from various economists (Chen, 2012). In wake of the above facts, it would be appropriate to consider that the current Malaysian personal income tax system is not fair and is not effectively progressive even though it may seem so from the periphery (Zahid, 2017). Coming to the business income tax or corporate income tax, a similar trend is observed. The prevalent corporate tax rates are summarised below (PwC, 2016a). It is apparent from the above that the highest marginal tax is 24% and thus, the average tax rates ignoring any concessions would be lower than 24%. The highest marginal corporate tax rate prevalent in India is in excess of 30%. The developed world has still higher tax rates which exceeds 35%. Even the various global hub for foreign businesses do not offer tax rates as lucrative as Malaysia. Additionally, it needs to be considered that the government has lowered the tax rate further even though this is not aimed at foreign firms. Thus, it is apparent that the government tends seems to be exceptionally pro-business which seems odd considering that the highest marginal tax rate for individuals is higher than the corporate tax rates (Pomerleau, 2015). Hence, it is apparent that the corporate tax rates seem to be unfair and there is a case to increase the higher bracket of the marginal corporate tax rate so as to enhance the corporate tax collections which then can be used for economic d evelopment and providing of requisite infrastructure in the small cities and rural areas. As a result, tax reform is required in corporate taxes as well which seem biased towards businesses at the cost of the national development (Chen, 2012). An additional statistic which highlights towards the non-fair taxation system in Malaysia is the decreasing tax collections as a % of GDP indicated below (Inde Mundi, 2012). Tax compliance means complying, following or adhering to the various provisions which have been highlighted in the relevant tax statute (for instance ITAA 1967 for Malaysia) and to pay taxes in accordance with the highlighted provisions. However, within the ambit of tax compliance, the taxpayer does have the right to utilise the available concessions in order to lower down the taxes payable. Any tax avoidance not authorised by the statute and any tax evasion would lead to non-compliance. Hence, non-compliance in effect implies not obeying the tax rules that are applicable in a particular geography in relation to computation of tax liability and filing of the same on a timely basis. Non-compliance does not always have to lead to an economic benefit to the underlying taxpayer. Failure to file tax returns (when the law of the land require the same) even when no tax would be payable could be termed as non-compliance (Dom, 2013). It is apparent that there are various statutory provisions in place by the ITA 1967 in relation to non-compliance which lead to punishments ranging from financial fines to imprisonment. The effect of these fines and penalties on the compliance rate of taxpayers needs to be analysed to determine the underlying effectiveness of these provisions. It would be excepted based on common sense and available literature in this context that erection of fines and penalties typically leads to higher rate of compliance even though there are certain exceptions and the absolute increase witnessed may be quite variable according to various underlying circumstances and other parameters at play (Loo, 2006a) Empirical studies that have been conducted in the Malaysian context have indicated that compliance tends to remain low despite the implementation of fine and penalties provisions is because of the ineffective enforcement of these rules which tends to diminish the integrity of the enforcement agency (Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia (IRBM)). Also, a key finding from the prior researches has been that taxpayers tend to have a high rate of voluntary tax compliance and thus for enhancing the compliance rate further, it makes sense to enhance the positive attitude rather than address the incidence of non-compliance. This has been found to be true for Malaysia as well on the basis of empirical studies (Loo, 2009). This is particularly significant for salaried employees as there is automatic salary deduction in line with the tax deduction scheduler which has been outlined by the IRBM. Besides, in certain cases it has been observed that the compliance costs are significant which proves to be deterrent for a taxpayer who wants to be compliant. This is particularly true when the underlying tax payable is lesser and thus it makes economic sense for such taxpayers to risk being caught and fined rather than filing their returns. Also, tax compliance rates amongst the voluntary complying people do not make any significant difference as reflected by the available literature both in Malaysian context and also in global context (Loo 2010; 2006b). Infact, it has been found that in actuality implementation of provisions regarding fines and penalties may tend to have an adverse impact on the compliant people who may not tend to highlight a lower compliance rate (Yussof, 2016). Besides, it has been observed that tax compliance has been adversely impacted due to the incorrect wording of the provisions such as one that dealt with incorrect returns (Kuan, 2014). There has not been any significant improvement in the tax compliance rate observed for businesses and individuals taxpayers owing to stricter implementation of fines and penalties as these tend to be counterintuitive at times. Consider for instance any delay by a company in filing the tax returns by even a week can attract a very high penalty ranging from 20% to 35% of the total tax which the entity had to pay and clearly such fines could be back breaking for a business. Further, in Malaysia the businesses are required to pay taxes in a monthly manner based on the potential estimates of future income and hence, there is a tendency for the companies to overestimate their revenues so as to avoid any tax related issues with the IRMB on account of underestimation. Hence, in such an environment, it is apparent that the tax compliance rates for various taxpayers would not improve using the system of penalties and fines (Lim, 2011). The five reasons why taxpayers tend to evade taxes despite effective exemptions and rebates offered are outlined as follows. The compliance costs tend to be significant which acts as a significant deterrent for those who tend to have very small taxable income or tax payable. For these taxpayers, in economic terms it is better to evade taxes rather than paying the same as the compliance costs would be a significant percentage of the tax payable (Lim, 2011). The existing loopholes in the tax provisions encourage the taxpayers to leverage the same in a creative manner in order to not only avoid taxes but also evade the same (Dom, 2013). The weak state of enforcement in relation to tax matter is another reason for non-compliance and tax evasion. The taxpayers feel confident that even if they are caught, the prevalent enforcement system would allow them with options to escape with minimal fines which would be significantly lesser than the taxes saved. Also, the integrity of the enforcing agency is thought to be weak and compromised due to which tax evaders feel that through bribes and other favours, the tax evasion practice can continue resulting in financial gains (Loo, 2010). Prevalence of cash economy is another factor which promotes tax evasion. This is because the income obtained in cash is at the discretion of the taxpayer for reporting purposes as often the trail for such payments is lacking. This is quite difficult in case of bank transactions or white economy where each payment has a trail and hence evading income is comparatively more difficult (Dom, 2013). Lack of awareness amongst the taxpayers is also one of the reasons which does contribute to the evasion of tax. Thus, this can be minimised by ensuring that the law are simplified, people are made more aware about the utility of taxes and common sources of income that ought to be taxed in accordance with the underlying regulations (Dom, 2013). It is essential that in order to enhance the tax compliance, more focus should be on building the positive attitudes rather than tackling the negative attitudes through the use of penalties. The various measures in this regards are detailed as follows. Simplifying the tax regulations in order to lower down the overall compliance costs associated with filing of returns. This is expected to boost the compliance rate amongst the majority of the taxpayers who want to comply with the tax regulations. Currently, the cost of compliance is significantly high both for individual taxpayers and also for businesses (Kuan, 2014). Also, there is a strong case for tweaking the laws so as to lower the underlying ambiguity involved and make it oriented to resolve the practical issues faced by taxpayers. An example pertains to the use of incorrect tax returns which is also used when there is technical difference in interpretation and may attract fine which is clearly not desirable (Dom, 2013). Rather than enhancing the quantum of penalties and fines, in order to enhance tax compliance it is better to improve the enforcement mechanism so that the guilty are served with due fines and punishment so that they do not consider the system as weak with compromised integrity (Loo, 2010). The use of technology to allow for easy returns filing is also essential. Also, the skills and strength of the auditing officers need to be improved. Besides, measures must be taken by the IRBM in association with the government and other agencies to crack down on the cash economy and make attempts to slowly integrate the same in white economy which would lead to better compliance and higher tax revenues for the government (Dom, 2013). References Chen, K.Y. 2012, The Progressivity of The Malaysian Personal Income Tax System. Vol.30, No. 2, pp. 27-43. Available from: Kajian Malaysia. [19 October 2017]. Dom, H. J. 2013, Enforcement Trent and Compliance Challenges.Malaysias Experience. Available from: https://www.imf.org/external/np/seminars/eng/2013/asiatax/pdfs/malaysia2.pdf Feldstein, S. M. 2008, Effects of Taxes on Economic Behavior. Vol 61, no. 1, pp.131-139.Avaiable from: National Tax Journal. [20 October 2017]. Gregory, N., Weinzierl, M., and Yagan, D. 2009, Optimal Taxation in Theory and Practice. Available from: https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/4263739/mankiw_optimaltaxationtheory.pdf?sequence=2 Hines, J. 2007. Taxing Consumption and Other Sins, Vol. 21 No. 1, pp. 67-74 Available from: Journal of Economic Perspectives [20 October 2017] Hubbard, G. 2015. Taking Capitals Gains: Capitals Ideas and Tax Policy in the Twenty First Century. Vol. 68 No. 2, pp. 409424. Available from: National Tax Journal. [20 October 2017]. Index Mundi, 2012, Malaysia-Tax Revenues: Tax revenue (current LCU). Available from: https://www.indexmundi.com/facts/malaysia/tax-revenue [20 October 2017]. Kuan, W.P. 2014, Time to Reform Tax Penalties?. Available from: https://www.pwc.com/my/en/assets/press/131012-focus-malaysia-time-to-reform-tax-penalties.pdf Lim, K. 2011, Late Filling Penalties and the high cost of tax compliance in Malaysia. Available from: https://lampiran2.hasil.gov.my/pdf/pdfam/penaltylate.pdf Loo, E. C. 2006a, Determinants of individual taxpayers' compliance behavior: Experience of the transition from pre to post self-assessment in Malaysia. In M. Walpole M. McKerchar (Eds.), Further global challenges in tax administration pp. 201-225. Available from: Fiscal Publication. [20 October 2017]. Loo, E. C., 2006b. Tax knowledge, tax structure and compliance: A report on a quasi-experiment. New Zealand Journal of Taxation Law and Policy, Vol. 12, no.2, pp.117-140. Loo, E. C., McKerchar, M., Hansford, A. 2009. Understanding the compliance behaviour of Malaysian individual taxpayers using a mixed method approach. Vol. 4 no.1, pp.181-202.Avaiable from: Journal of Australasian Tax Teachers Association. [20 October 2017]. Loo, E. C., McKerchar, M., and Hansford, A. 2010. Findings on the impact of self-assessment on the compliance behaviour of individual taxpayers in Malaysia: A case study approach. Vol. 1, no.2, pp. 1-22. Available from: Journal of Australian Taxation. [20 October 2017]. Piketty, T. 2015, Capital and Wealth taxation in the 21st Centaury. Vol 68, no. 2, pp.449-458.Avaiable from: National Tax Journal. [20 October 2017]. Pomerleau, K. 2015, Corporate Income Tax Rates around the world. Vol 2, no. 4, pp.124. Available from: Tax Foundation. [20 October 2017]. PWC, 2016a, 2015/2016 Malaysian Tax and Business Booklet. Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 131. Available from: https://www.pwc.com/my/en/assets/publications/2016-malaysian-tax-business-booklet.pdf PWC, 2016b, Malaysia, Individual Taxes on Personal Income, World-wide Tax Summaries. Available from: https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/ID/Malaysia-Individual-Taxes-on-personal-income Taha, R., Nanthakumar, L. and Colombage, R.N. S. 2011 The Effects of Economic Growth on Taxation Revenue: The Case of a Newly Industrialized Country. Vol.7, no. 1, pp.319-329. Available from: International Review of Business Research Papers. [20 October 2017]. Yussof, H.S. 2016, The Impact of Threat of Punishment on Tax Compliance and Non-Compliance Attitudes in Malaysia. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272390642_The_Impact_of_Threat_of_Punishment_on_Tax_Compliance_and_Non-compliance_Attitudes_in_Malaysia Zahid, J.S. 2017, Ahead of Budget 2018 economists call for fair taxation. Available from: https://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/ahead-of-budget-2018-economists-say-higher-corporate-tax-should-replace-gst#2o3lH7qVtLzfCmfl.97